Level 3 charging is the fastest type of charging available and can recharge an EV at a rate of 3 to 20 miles of range per minute. Level 3 Charging: 400-Volt to 900-Volt (DC Fast Charge & Supercharging)Ĭonnectors Used: Combined Charging System (Combo), CHAdeMO & Tesla Therefore, 48-amp chargers can cost significantly more than a 40-amp unit and offer only marginally faster charging. A 48-amp charger can charge slightly faster at 11.5 kW, but requires a heavier gauge wire and the charger must be hardwired to comply with the NEC code. Most owners will be well served choosing a 40-amp charger that can deliver 9.6 kW to the EV. But that requires a 100-amp 208-240V dedicated circuit and a heavy, costly supply line from the breaker box. Level 2 chargers can deliver up to 80 amps of power. Charging from a Level 2 source usually means the vehicle will be completely charged overnight, even if you plugged with a nearly empty battery. Most BEV owners choose to install Level 2 charging equipment at their residence, because it charges the vehicle up to 10 times faster than Level 1 charging. Level 2 charging can replenish between 12 and 80 miles of range per hour, depending on the power output of the Level 2 charger, and the vehicle’s maximum charge rate. Level 2 charging equipment can be installed at home, at the workplace, as well as in public locations like shopping plazas, train stations and other destinations. Level 2 charging is the most commonly used level for daily EV charging. Most BEV owners find that Level 2 charging better suits their daily charging needs. Since EVs have much larger batteries, Level 1 charging is too slow for most daily charging, unless the vehicle isn’t needed to drive very far on a daily basis. Level 1 charging works well for plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs) because they have smaller batteries, currently less than 25 kWh. It adds between 3 and 5 miles of range per hour. Level 1 is the slowest way to charge an EV. Every electric vehicle or plug-in hybrid can be charged on Level 1 by plugging the charging equipment into a regular wall outlet. Level 1 charging uses a common 120-volt household outlet. The car will not allow the charger to deliver too much power. The car always determines how much power it accepts, so there’s no need to worry about plugging into a charging station that can deliver more power than your EV can handle. Basically, the car asks the charger how much power it can deliver, and then the car calls for the maximum amount of power that the station can deliver and the vehicle can accept. When an electric vehicle is plugged in, there’s a communication process before the charger is energized. It’s important to note that different EVs charge at different speeds on each level, because each EV can accept different levels of power from the EVSE, industry-speak for electric vehicle supply equipment, the charger. The higher the level of charging, the faster the charging process, as more power is delivered to the vehicle. Level 3 is broken into DC Fast Charging and (Tesla) Supercharging. There are three levels of EV charging Level 1, Level 2, and Level 3. Hybrids are charged by regeneration or by the engine, not by an external charger. There are also different types of connectors used, but most importantly, there are different levels of EV charging that determine how long it takes to charge an EV.Ĭharging levels and charging times apply to EVs and plug-in hybrids, but not to traditional hybrids. There’s a number of reasons why that’s so, such as the fact that every electric vehicle can accept different amounts of power. However, with electric vehicles, refueling-the recharging process-isn’t quite as simple, or as quick. However, the refueling process is relatively straightforward, everybody understands how it’s done, and it’s completed in about five minutes. There’s a few variants to choose from: regular, mid-grade or premium gasoline, or diesel. We’ve been refueling our cars with gasoline for more than a hundred years. Level 3 (DC Fast Charging, Tesla Supercharging) gets the job done in under an hour at public charging stations. Level 2 uses 240 volts and recharges an EV in a couple hours. Level 1 uses 120-volt power and takes all day (and night) for an EV.
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